Monday, 2 April 2012

A Short History of Agenda Setting In the Media


 This work is based off the lectures and questions given by Dr Ian Ward in POLS2111: Politics and the Media, UQ.

The concept of ‘agenda setting’ was first established in the early 20th Century, by Walter Lippmann. In his book, Lippmann argued that “mass media are the principal connection between events in the world and the images of these events in the citizens' minds”. Basically, the media sets the public agenda – what it displays as important, the public comes to think of as important.

From this early beginning, the concept of agenda setting – through the media, for the public - grew, until the 70’s, where it was ‘properly’ formalised in papers published by McCombs and Shaw. McCombs himself was not only influenced by Lippmann, but also by Bernard Cohen, who in the 60’s stated that “the press may not be successful much of the time in telling people what to think, but it is stunningly successful in telling its readers what to think about”. This encouraged McCombs to collaborate with Shaw in writing The Emergence of American Political Issues: The Agenda-setting Function of the Press. This work achieved much acclaim and helped spark an interest in the agenda setting abilities of the media amongst their peers.

Nearly ten years later, in 1988, Rogers and Dearing theorised that agenda setting is a process with three elements. “News media identify and give prominence to important issues, constructing a 'media agenda'.   News coverage and priorities influence the way the public thinks. In turn the ''public agenda' influences the priorities and thinking of policymakers or the 'policy agenda'”.

This idea, while not very different from the ideas postulated by McCombs and Shaw, and even by Cohen, helped fill in details on a political and public institution that has for too long been assumed unimportant to the running of society – the media.

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